PRODUCTS
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Hydrogen
Peroxide (H2O2)
Innova Corporate (India) is one of the Exporter, Importer and
Supplier of Hydrogen Peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an
oxidizer commonly used as bleach. It is the simplest peroxide (a
compound with an oxygen-oxygen single bond). Hydrogen peroxide is a
clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water that appears
colorless in dilute solution. It is used as a disinfectant,
antiseptic, oxidizer, and in rocketry as a propellant. The oxidizing
capacity of hydrogen peroxide is so strong that it is considered a
highly reactive oxygen species.
SPECIFICATIONS
Molecular Wt. |
34.02 |
Equivalent Wt. |
17.002. |
Molecular Formula |
H --- O --- O --- H. |
General Appearance |
Clear colorless
liquid, free from suspended matter, with slightly
sharp odor. |
Strength in Volume @
25.0 °C |
59.8 % w/v. |
Density @ 25.0 °C. |
1.191 g/cc. |
Freezing point ( Onset
) |
-52.2 °C. |
Boiling
point |
113.9 °C. |
Viscosity @ 25.0 °C. |
1.06 Centipoises. |
Refractive Index @
25.0 °C. |
1.366. |
Approx Oxygen
liberated @N.P.T. |
197 v/v. |
Available
Oxygen |
23.5 % w/w. |
Miscibility @ 20.0 °C |
Miscible with water in
all proportion |
No. |
PROPERTIES |
SPECIFICATIONS |
1 |
Strength. |
50.0 % w/w.MIN |
2 |
Acidity. |
< 1.5-6.0
mEq/lit. |
3 |
Stability. O2/min./25mls
@100 °C. |
< 0.3
mls. Of
O2/min./25mls
@100 °C. |
4 |
Phosphate Content. (As
PO4). |
100-250ppm |
5 |
Non-Volatile Matter @
105 °C. |
< 2000.0
ppm. |
6 |
Iron Content (as Fe.). |
< 1.0
ppm. |
7 |
Residue On Ignition @
800 °C. |
< 500.0
ppm. |
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Uses
Industrial Applications
Other major industrial applications for hydrogen peroxide include
the manufacture of sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate, used as
mild bleaches in laundry detergents. It is used in the production of
certain organic peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide, used in
polymerizations and other chemical processes. Hydrogen peroxide is
also used in the production of epoxides such as propylene oxide.
Reaction with carboxylic acids produces a corresponding peroxy acid.
Peracetic acid and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (commonly
abbreviated mCPBA) are prepared from acetic acid and meta-chlorobenzoic
acid, respectively. The latter is commonly reacted with alkenes to
give the corresponding epoxide.
About 50% of the world's production of hydrogen peroxide in 1994 was
used for pulp- and paper-bleaching. Other bleaching applications are
becoming more important as hydrogen peroxide is seen as an
environmentally benign alternative to chlorine-based bleaches.
In the PCB manufacturing process, hydrogen peroxide mixed with
sulfuric acid was used as the microtech chemical for copper surface
roughening preparation.
A combination of a powdered precious metal-based catalyst, hydrogen
peroxide, methanol and water can produce superheated steam in one to
two seconds, releasing only CO2 and high-temperature steam for a
variety of purposes.
Recently, there has been increased use of vaporized hydrogen
peroxide in the validation and bio-decontamination of half-suit and
glove-port isolators in pharmaceutical production.
Nuclear pressurized water reactors (PWRs) use hydrogen peroxide
during the plant shutdown to force the oxidation and dissolution of
activated corrosion products deposited on the fuel. The corrosion
products are then removed with the cleanup systems before the
reactor is disassembled.
Hydrogen peroxide is also used in the oil and gas exploration
industry to oxidize rock matrix in preparation for micro-fossil
analysis.
Chemical applications
A method of producing propylene oxide from hydrogen peroxide has
been developed. The process is claimed to be environmentally
friendly, since the only significant byproduct is water. It is also
claimed the process has significantly lower investment and operating
costs.
Domestic Uses
Diluted H2O2 (between 3% and 8%) is used to bleach human hair when
mixed with ammonium hydroxide, hence the phrase "peroxide blonde".
It is absorbed by skin upon contact and creates a local skin
capillary embolism that appears as a temporary whitening of the
skin.
It is used to whiten bones that are to be put on display.
3% H2O2 is used medically for cleaning wounds, removing dead tissue,
and as an oral debriding agent. Peroxide stops slow (small vessel)
wound bleeding/oozing, as well. However, recent studies have
suggested that hydrogen peroxide impedes scarless healing as it
destroys newly formed skin cells. Most over-the-counter peroxide
solutions are not suitable for ingestion.
35% hydrogen peroxide is used to prevent infection transmission in
the hospital environment, hydrogen peroxide vapor is registered with
the US EPA as a sporicidal sterilant.
3% H2O2 is effective at treating fresh (red) blood-stains in
clothing and on other items. It must be applied to clothing before
blood stains can be accidentally "set" with heated water. Cold water
and soap are then used to remove the peroxide treated blood.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified
hydrogen peroxide as a Low Regulatory Priority (LRP) drug for use in
controlling fungus on fish and fish eggs.
Some horticulturalists and users of hydroponics advocate the use of
weak hydrogen peroxide solution in watering solutions. Its
spontaneous decomposition releases oxygen that enhances a plant's
root development and helps to treat root rot (cellular root death
due to lack of oxygen) and a variety of other pests.
Laboratory tests conducted by fish culturists in recent years have
demonstrated that common household hydrogen peroxide can be used
safely to provide oxygen for small fish. Hydrogen peroxide releases
oxygen by decomposition when it is exposed to catalysts such as
manganese dioxide.
Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer effective in controlling
sulfide and organic-related odors in wastewater collection and
treatment systems. It is typically applied to a wastewater system
where there is a retention time of 30 minutes to 5 hours before
hydrogen sulfide is released. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the
hydrogen sulfide and promotes bio-oxidation of organic odors.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to oxygen and water, adding dissolved
oxygen to the system, thereby negating some Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD).
Use as propellant
As a bipropellant H2O2 is decomposed to burn a fuel as an oxidizer.
High concentration (H2O2) is referred to as HTP or High test
peroxide. It can be used either as a monopropellant (not mixed with
fuel) or as the oxidizer component of a bipropellant rocket. Use as
a monopropellant takes advantage of the decomposition of 70–98+%
concentration hydrogen peroxide into steam and oxygen.
While rarely used now as a monopropellant for large engines, small
hydrogen peroxide attitude control thrusters are still in use on
some satellites. They are easy to throttle, and safer to fuel and
handle before launch than hydrazine thrusters. However, hydrazine is
more often used in spacecraft because of its higher specific impulse
and lower rate of decomposition.
Therapeutic use
Hydrogen peroxide is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as an
antimicrobial agent, an oxidizing agent and for other purposes by
the FDA.
Hydrogen peroxide has been used as an antiseptic and anti-bacterial
agent for many years due to its oxidizing effect. While its use has
decreased in recent years with the popularity of readily available
over the counter products, it is still used by many hospitals,
doctors and dentists.
Like many oxidative antiseptics, hydrogen peroxide causes mild
damage to tissue in open wounds, but it also is effective at rapidly
stopping capillary bleeding (slow blood oozing from small vessels in
abrasions), and is sometimes used sparingly for this purpose, as
well as cleaning.
Hydrogen peroxide can be used as toothpaste when mixed with correct
quantities of baking soda and salt, though the cited study shows
that this is no more effective than toothpaste alone.
Hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl peroxide are sometimes used to treat
acne.
Hydrogen peroxide is used as an emetic in veterinary practice.
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